Yohimbine

Major Uses

Yohimbine is a Alpha2-adrenergic antagonist that is primarily used to reverse the effects of xylazine in dogs. It is also used in reversing some toxic effects caused by other medications, and can be useful when administered prophylactically before amitraz dips.

Yohimbine should not be used in animals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug. A veterinarian should be contacted immediately if an overdose is suspected, the symptoms of which include transient seizures and muscle tremors. Some other possible symptoms of an over dose include diarrhea, hyperactivity, disorientation, panting, hypersalivation, and tachycardia.

Common Precautions

Yohimbine should not be used in patients with renal disease. It should be used with caution when administering to patients with seizure disorders. Caution should be used when administering yohimbine to pregnant animals, as its safety has not yet been established.

Some negative side effects associated with yohimbine are transient apprehension or CNS excitement, salivation, increased respiratory rates, muscle tremors, and hyperemic mucous membranes. These side effects seem more common in small animals and horses.

Storage

Yohimbine should be stored in a childproof container that is resistant to light. It should be kept at room temperature, where it will not be exposed to light or high amounts of heat, and out of reach from children and animals.

Administration

When using yohimbine for alpha2 agonist reversal in dogs, a typical dose is .1-.11 mg/kg as a slow injection. For the reversal or prevention of amitraz effects in dogs, a normal dose is .11 mg/kg intravenously, or .25 mg/kg when mixed with atipamezole. For use as an antiemetic in dogs, a typical dose is .25-.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. If a dose is forgotten, it should be administered as soon as possible. If the next scheduled dose is close, the missed dose should be skipped in favor of the regularly scheduled dose. Two doses should not be administered at the same time.

Doses may vary in different species, when the drug is given by a different route or concurrently with other medications, and with regards to a patient's age, breed, and health status. A veterinarian's dosing instructions and/or those printed on the medication label should be followed closely.